Egypt and Ethiopia Reach Agreement on Controversial Dam Project

After years of negotiations and tensions, Egypt and Ethiopia have finally reached an agreement on the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile River. The agreement was reached during a virtual meeting hosted by African Union (AU) chairperson, Cyril Ramaphosa, on July 21, 2020.

The GERD, Africa’s biggest hydroelectric project, has been a source of dispute between the two countries since Ethiopia started building it in 2011. Egypt has been concerned that the dam, which is located upstream on the Nile, would reduce its water supply, which is already under pressure due to population growth, climate change, and other factors.

The agreement, which was also signed by Sudan, another Nile Basin country, outlines principles for the filing and operation of the dam and sets rules for droughts and prolonged dry periods. It also includes provisions for conflict resolution and ongoing monitoring and assessments of the dam’s impact on downstream countries.

The deal requires Ethiopia to release water from the GERD during droughts and prolonged dry seasons, and to notify downstream countries of any filling of the dam. While it is not legally binding, the agreement is seen as an important step towards resolving the long-standing dispute.

The agreement has been received positively by both sides, with Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi calling it a “historic agreement” that “contributes to regional stability and paves the way for cooperation” in a statement on Twitter. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed also hailed the agreement, saying that “the agreement on the GERD paves the way for further cooperation.”

The GERD is expected to produce 6,000 megawatts of electricity and is seen as a key project in Ethiopia’s efforts to become a regional power. While the dam has been a source of tension between Ethiopia and Egypt, the agreement is a sign that the two countries are willing to work together to find solutions to their differences.

In conclusion, the agreement on the GERD is a significant step forward for both Ethiopia and Egypt, as well as for the region as a whole. It shows that two countries with longstanding tensions can work together to find common ground and resolve disputes peacefully. It is also an important reminder of the importance of cooperation and dialogue in resolving complex issues.